Oracle11gR2 Dataguard搭建

时间：2022-03-14 02:07

数据库版本：Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 主库ip：192.168.133.133 instance_name:orcl service_name:pdb 主机名：dg1 备库ip：192.168.133.134 instance_name:orcl service_name:sdb 主机名：dg2 （注意，在虚拟机上进行操作，网络连接方式最好选择host only，这样内部网络才会稳定，主库备库间的通信才更加正常） --修改主备库hosts文件：主库： [ ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 dg1 localhost : :1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 192.168.133.133 dg1 192.168.133.134 dg2 备库： [ ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 dg2 localhost : :1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 192.168.133.133 dg1 192.168.133.134 dg2 --看看防火墙是否关闭： [ ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
Firewall is stopped. --搭建DG前的准备工作：开启数据库logging和archivelog mode SQL>alter database force logging; 检查： SQL>select force_logging from v$database;(应为YES) 检查数据库是否处于归档模式: SQL>select log_mode from v$database; 如果数据库没有处于归档模式，那么将数据库shutdow immediate;重启到mount，执行 SQL>alter database archivelog; SQL>alter database open; SQL>archive log list; --配置主备库的监听和网络服务名：主库： listener.ora: SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = pdb) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = orcl) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg1)(PORT = 1521)) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle tnsnames.ora: PDB = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.133)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = pdb) ) ) SDB = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.134)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = sdb) ) ) ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg1)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) 备库： listener.ora: SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = sdb) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = orcl) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg2)(PORT = 1521)) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle tnsnames.ora: PDB = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.133)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = pdb) ) ) SDB = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.134)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = sdb) ) ) --启动主备库的监听： lsnrctl start --创建备库的口令文件：如果主库中有就直接使用scp命令拷贝到备库所在服务器相应目录中，如果没有就使用orapwd命令创建：
orapwd file=xxx password=xxx entries=xx --创建主备库的pfile，添加相应的参数：主库： SQL>create pfile from spfile; [ dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora 添加如下内容： *.instance_name=orcl *.db_unique_name=pdb *.log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(pdb,sdb)‘ *.fal_server=sdb *.fal_client=pdb *.log_archive_dest_2=‘service=sdb lgwr sync affirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sdb‘ *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE *.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO 如果主备库的数据文件及日志文件不在同一个目录，则需要添加如下两个参数文件，路径为先远程后本地：

*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘/u01/oradata/sdb/‘,‘/u01/oradata/pdb/‘

*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘/u01/oradata/sdb/‘,‘/u01/oradata/pdb/‘

备库：使用scp命令将主库的pfile拷贝到备库所在服务器相同目录下，并修改如下参数： [ dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora *.instance_name=orcl *.db_unique_name=sdb *.log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(pdb,sdb)‘ *.fal_server=pdb *.fal_client=sdb *.log_archive_dest_2=‘service=pdb lgwr sync affirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=pdb‘ *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE *.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO --创建备库相应的目录(以下是我的路径)：数据文件和日志文件目录/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ 闪回区目录：/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl 警报日志文件目录：/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/sdb/orcl/trace 归档日志文件目录：/ss/archivelog/orcl --备库：以pfile创建spfile并启动数据库到nomount： SQL>startrup nomount pfile=‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora‘ SQL>create spfile from pfile; SQL>shutdown immediate; SQL>startup nomount --检测主备库的网络连通性：主库： SQL> conn sys/ as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn sys/ as sysdba
Connected. 备库： SQL> conn sys/ as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn sys/ as sysdba
Connected. --使用rman备份数据库：备份当前控制文件： RMAN>backup format ‘/ss/backup/controlfile_%U‘ current controlfile for standby; 备份数据文件和归档日志文件： RMAN>backup format ‘/ss/backup/db_%U‘ database plus archivelog; --把备份集拷贝到和主库一样的目录/ss/backup/下： scp /ss/backup/* oralce@192.168.133.134:/ss/backup/ --physical standby database的创建 --上面的步骤中我们已经将备库启动到nomount了，打开rman，使用rman的rman duplicate创建备用数据库： [ ~]$rman target sys/ auxiliary / RMAN>duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck; 备用数据库完成之后，数据库会自动开启到mount： SQL>select status from v$instance; (如果主备目录不同：duplicate target database for standby; 如果主备目录相同：duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;) --修改备库为恢复管理模式，使备库可以应用主库的redo数据，实现同步： SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 或 SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; --检查是否有错误信息出现： SQL>select error from v$archive_dest where target=‘STANDBY‘; --检查备库日志应用情况： SQL> select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#; SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED ---------- --------- --------- --------- 30 01-NOV-14 01-NOV-14 YES 31 01-NOV-14 01-NOV-14 YES 32 01-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 33 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 34 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 35 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 36 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 37 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES --在主库切换日志，在备库中查看日志应用情况： SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED ---------- --------- --------- --------- 30 01-NOV-14 01-NOV-14 YES 31 01-NOV-14 01-NOV-14 YES 32 01-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 33 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 34 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 35 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 36 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 37 02-NOV-14 02-NOV-14 YES 38 02-NOV-14 03-NOV-14 IN-MEMORY --为主备库分别创建standby日志文件(至少比redo log多一组)：取消备库日志应用： SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel; 主库： SQL>alter database add standby logfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo01.log‘ size 50m; SQL>alter database add standby logfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo02.log‘ size 50m; SQL>alter database add standby logfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo03.log‘ size 50m; SQL>alter database add standby logfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo04.log‘ size 50m; SQL> select group#,status,member from v$logfile; GROUP# STATUS MEMBER ---------- ------- -------------------------------------------------- 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo01.log 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo02.log 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo03.log 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo04.log 7 rows selected. 备库： SQL>alter database add standby logfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo01.log‘ size 50m; SQL>alter database add standby logfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo02.log‘ size 50m; SQL>alter database add standby logfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo03.log‘ size 50m; SQL>alter database add standby logfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo04.log‘ size 50m; SQL> select group#,status,member from v$logfile; SQL> select group#,status,member from v$logfile; GROUP# STATUS MEMBER ---------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SDB/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_b5bt92v2_.log 2 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SDB/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_b5bt90kf_.log 1 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SDB/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_b5bt8yfc_.log 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo01.log 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo02.log 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo03.log 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdredo04.log 7 rows selected. --启用备库日志应用： SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; --在备库中确定相关进程是否全部启动： SQL> select process,status from v$managed_standby; PROCESS STATUS --------- ------------ ARCH CLOSING ARCH CLOSING ARCH CONNECTED ARCH CLOSING RFS IDLE RFS IDLE RFS IDLE MRP0 WAIT_FOR_LOG RFS IDLE 9 rows selected. --同步验证： --查看备库是否存在日志断点： SQL> select * from v$archive_gap; no rows selected 如果存在日志断点，就要到主库中找到这些日志： SQL> select sequence#,name from v$archived_log t1,v$archive_gap t2 where t1.thread#=t2.thread#; 找到这些日志文件之后，将这些文件拷贝到备库，并注册到备库进行应用： SQL>alter database register logfile ‘xxx‘; 主库： SQL> alter tablespace test add datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test02.dbf‘ size 10m autoextend off; Tablespace altered. SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users03.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users04.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test02.dbf 10 rows selected. 备库：查看备库警报日志文件： Datafile #10: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test02.dbf‘ SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users02.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users03.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users04.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test02.dbf 10 rows selected. --修改主库的保护模式和保护级别： --查看主库保护模式和保护级别： SQL> select protection_mode,protection_level from v$database; PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL -------------------- -------------------- MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE 如果不是处于maximum availability高可用模式，就关闭主库重启到mount，修改为高可用模式： SQL>shutdown immediate; SQL>alter database mount SQL>alter database set standby database to maximize availability; (alter database set standby database to maximize {protection | availability | performance } ) SQL>select protection_mode,protection_level from v$database; SQL>alter database open; 只需修改主库，会自动应用同步到备库。至此，Datagurad已经搭建成功。